![]() ![]() One ounce of gold can be beaten out to 300 ft 2 or stretched into a wire 2000 kilometers long (1 m thick). For example, gold is oro in Spanish and or in French (close to the Latin aurum), tin is estao in Spanish (compare to stannum), lead is plomo in Spanish and plomb in French (compare to plumbum), silver is argent in French (compare to argentum), and iron is fer in French and hierro in Spanish (compare to ferrum). Gold is the most malleable and ductile metal. Element names in languages other than English are often close to their Latin names. This fact has key implications for the building up of the periodic table of elements. Gold is one of the few elements that can be found in its native state. Chemically, gold is a transition metal, a group 11 element, and one of the noble metals. In pure form, it is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. The ordering of the electrons in the ground state of multielectron atoms, starts with the lowest energy state (ground state) and moves progressively from there up the energy scale until each of the atom’s electrons has been assigned a unique set of quantum numbers. Gold is a chemical element it has symbol Au (from Latin aurum 'gold') and atomic number 79. It is the Pauli exclusion principle that requires the electrons in an atom to occupy different energy levels instead of them all condensing in the ground state. In the periodic table, the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number Z. The number of electrons in each element’s electron shells, particularly the outermost valence shell, is the primary factor in determining its chemical bonding behavior. The configuration of these electrons follows from the principles of quantum mechanics. The chemical properties of the atom are determined by the number of protons, in fact, by number and arrangement of electrons. See also: Atomic Number – Does it conserve in a nuclear reaction? Atomic Number and Chemical PropertiesĮvery solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. It is the electrons that are responsible for the chemical bavavior of atoms, and which identify the various chemical elements. The nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons. The atom consist of a small but massive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of rapidly moving electrons. One sheet of gold leaf can be as thin as 0.000127 millimeters, or about 400 times thinner than a human hair. Thin sheets of gold, known as gold leaf, are primarily used in arts and crafts for gilding. A single ounce of gold can be beaten into a sheet measuring roughly 5 meters on a side. In a neutral atom there are as many electrons as protons moving about nucleus. Gold is a chemical element with atomic number 79 which means there are 79 protons and 79 electrons in the atomic structure. Gold is the most malleable and ductile of all known metals. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10 -19 coulombs. ![]() Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The atom consist of a small but massive nucleus surrounded by a cloud of rapidly moving electrons. ![]()
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